CHAPTER - 3 PLANT KINGDOM
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Topic Covered ✏ 3.1 Algae 3.2 Bryophytes 3.3 Pteridophytes 3.4 Gymnosperms 3.5 Angiosperms Introduction Artificial systems ( earliest systems) of classification Given by Linnaeus Used only gross superficial morphological characters such as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves, etc. They were based mainly on vegetative characters or on the androecium structure. Limitations They separated the closely related species since they were based on a few characteristics. Gave equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics ; this is not acceptable since we know that often the vegetative characters are more easily affected by environment. Natural classification systems Given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. Based on natural affinities among the organisms Consider, not only the external features , but also internal features , like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistr...